Other than certain infections, pathological causes of petechiae include bone marrow failure, which refers to a decreased production of platelets and red and white blood cells leukemia, which is a type of blood cancer and other disorders leading to thrombocytopenia, such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). Overall, infections can lead to petechiae through several different mechanisms, including damage to the blood vessel walls, toxin release, or uncontrolled activation of coagulation, which in turn can lead to a low blood platelet count. Other, less common infections that can lead to petechiae include Rocky Mountain spotted fever, which is transmitted by a tick bite, and viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as dengue, ebola, and yellow fever. Viruses, like cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), or influenza bacteria, including Neisseria meningitidis and group A Streptococcus species and fungi, such as Candida and Aspergillus species, can all be sources of petechiae-inducing infections. Petechiae may also occur as a result of traumatic injuries, sunburns, or as a side effect of certain medications, such as antibiotics and anticonvulsants. In children, infections are a common cause of petechiae. Tiny petechiae that appear on the face, neck, and upper chest are often caused by capillaries that rupture due to prolonged straining during a bowel movement or severe bouts of coughing or vomiting. Although there are many causes that can lead to petechiae, the underlying mechanisms typically involve damage to the blood vessel walls that makes the capillaries leak orĪ low blood platelet count (i.e., thrombocytopenia), which can lead to spontaneous bleeding in the absence of trauma. Petechiae appear due to minor bleeding from tiny blood vessels, known as capillaries, that lie under the skin and mucous membranes.
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